Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is a common disorder that affects both affluent and developing societies. It is a syndrome characterized by impaired insulin secretion and/or resistance of cells and tissues to insulin, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels, known as hyperglycemia. Chronic diabetes is often complicated by persistent hyperglycemia, which can lead to a range of serious complications, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Other complications of diabetes include blindness, gangrene, sensory deficit, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic skin infections. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. In the past, type 1 was known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes, while type 2 was known as mature-onset or non-insulin-dependent diabetes. However, these terms are no longer used because there is overlap in the age groups and treatment approaches for the two types. Children are increasingly being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and many people with type 2 diabetes eventually need to take insulin.